Assessment of trace element toxicity in surface water of a fish breeding river in Bangladesh: a novel approach for ecological and health risk evaluation

In recent decades, water quality is a great concern for the human being as it most important natural resource but polluted by increasing population activities. this study, surface samples were collected in wet and dry season from Halda River, Bangladesh, 12 physicochemical properties 10 traces elements (Cd, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Pb, Hg) analyzed to assess metal toxicity, identify possible sources, determine carcinogenic noncarcinogenic risk adults child residents. During season, mean concentrations of Cd, Hg 0.032 ± 0.028, 0.004 0.002, 0.010 0.012, 0.38 0.08, 0.017, 3.33 1.16, 0.062 0.008, 1.34 1.17, 0.030 0.014, 0.007 0.002 mg/L, respectively, whereas measured 0.04 0.060 0.036, 0.150 0.134, 0.58 0.11, 0.049 0.172 0.166, 0.393 0.212, 1.07 0.989, 0.104 0.121, 0.003 during season. The levels trace much higher than guideline values safe limits drinking protection freshwater aquatic life, indicated that river not and/or cooking purposes. Trace element evaluation index was found be high contamination while ecological showed low very contamination. All hazard quotient (HI) threshold unity. HI those adult, indicating health children at dramatically adults. Arsenic ingestion dermal pathways primary contributors total (HI/THI) As River might pose risks residential users.